Setting up a 529 account is one of the most tax-efficient ways to save for a child’s education. Superfunding such an account—making a lump-sum contribution of up to $95,000 if you’re giving as an individual ($190,000 if you’re giving as a couple) that’s spread across five years.
That loophole allows you to give funds that aren’t counted against your lifetime gift tax exemption limit. To qualify for this strategy, you must contribute at least $19,000. And the contributions can even reduce your taxable estate. Here’s what you need to know.
Key Takeaways
- In 2025, the maximum contribution for superfunding a 529 account per child is $95,000 for an individual, or $190,000 for a couple.
- Contributions must be higher than $19,000, or else they will not be eligible for the five-year gift-tax averaging rule.
- Superfunding allows parents, grandparents, relatives, or friends to set up an education savings account that enables contributions to grow tax-free while reducing their taxable estate.
Strategies for Superfunding a 529 Account
Today, the average cost for private, non-profit college tuition is $234,512 over four years, with tuition costs growing by more than twofold since 2000. To make progress toward a child’s education costs, the 529 allows you to save for the following expenses:
- Undergraduate degrees
- Qualifying graduate degrees
- Trade school
- Kindergarten to grade 12 (annual limit: $10,000)
As educational costs continue to rise, here are some useful tips for superfunding a 529 account.
1. Know Your Contribution Limits
In 2025, if you’re giving as an individual, the most you can contribute while superfunding a 529 account is $95,000 over five years, up from $90,000 in 2024. For married couples, the most both can contribute is $190,000.
Each person must file IRS Form 709: Gift Tax Return individually for gift tax purposes. For each individual, this contribution is averaged across five years, with up to $19,000 contributed each year over the period ($19,000 x 5 = $95,000).
In addition, the contribution must be more than $19,000 in order to be eligible for the five-year tax averaging rule.
5 Years
The period of time required to use the superfunding trick for a 529 account.
It’s worth noting that it’s important to consider other gifts that have been given over the year, which will reduce the amount that can be used in this account. For instance, if someone gifted $3,000 in stock awards in a year, the annual 529 eligible amount would decrease to $16,000.
2. Prepare for Future Contributions
The annual limit typically rises over time. In 2022, for example, it was $16,000 per year. In 2025, it’s $19,000.
If the annual limit is raised, it provides you the opportunity to contribute more to your 529 account. For example, let’s say you decided to contribute the maximum $90,000 in 2024 over five years ($90,000 / 5 = $18,000 per year). In 2025, you can contribute another $1,000 and still stay within the annual limit of $19,000. (However, you cannot make a lump-sum contribution of $5,000 in 2025, since this would then exceed the annual limit of $19,000.)
3. Withdraw All Funds Prior to Graduation—or Transfer Up to $35,000 to a Roth IRA
When you exhaust the funds in a 529 account by graduation, you can avoid the penalty for withdrawing unused funds, which is a 10% penalty set by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Keep in mind, however, that the rules for 529 plans are treated differently from state to state.
For withdrawals, it’s important to plan carefully. Here are the qualifying expenses that can be used with this account:
- Tuition and fees
- Room and board for half-time or more educational enrollment
- Tutoring and other services
- Books, computers, and equipment such as software
Important
The annual withdrawal limit for K-12 educational expenses is $10,000. However, there is no withdrawal limit for other educational expenses, such as undergraduate tuition, as long as they are qualified educational expenses.
In some cases, there are exceptions to withdrawals that waive the 10% IRS penalty. (However, income taxes still apply to any earnings made on the distribution.) These exceptions include:
- The beneficiary receives a tax-free scholarship
- The beneficiary attends a U.S. Military Academy
- The beneficiary is provided assistance from a qualifying employer program
- The beneficiary becomes disabled
- The beneficiary dies
In addition, it is possible to roll over 529 funds into a Roth individual retirement account (IRA). The lifetime maximum is $35,000, and the 529 account must have been open for a minimum of 15 years.
The Bottom Line
Superfunding a 529 account offers many tax advantages. Unlike a traditional savings account, withdrawals from a 529 plan are tax-free. In addition, income earned in the account is not subject to capital gains tax when an investment is sold, making it an attractive tool for setting up a child’s long-term success.